Analysis Of Silent Spring By Rachel Carlson - 1647 Words

One of the many problems that plague the earth lies hand in hand with the living situations that people are used to. This standard of living causes many to be ignorant to the environmental conditions that surrounds these actions which correlate to the health of our planet. Over time, this issue has been recognized and one extremely important resource that the world has to offer is the vast ocean, and this source of life must be protected for the better of the planet. The struggles of dealing with the pollution in the ocean is a constant problem for the Environmental Protection Agency in order to ensure a clean ocean to the public and wild life. The agency was set up because of the awareness of the common people to recognize the risk of a crumbling food chain. The late 1960’s created mass environmental awareness as industrialism clearly impacted the â€Å"tranquility of nature† (â€Å"The Guardian†). This was emphasized critically with the famous book â€Å"Silen t Spring† by Rachel Carlson, vividly depicting the poisonous conditions that people had systematically created. This sense of environmentalism continued to inspire the public with these sensitive issues on how to handle the growing problem of pollution, sparking the President’s role to step up to the situation and the concept that recognizing problems along with executing solutions is how to deal with the issue of pollution . Over the years, many Presidents like Nixon, who set up the Council for Environmental Equality in the 70’s,Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Skills for LAND A1 2015 1 - 978 Words

Module: Unit 10: Skills for Land-based Outdoor and Adventurous Activities Tutor: Nick Young Assignment No: 1 of 1 Title: Land-based Outdoor and Adventurous Activities – The Knowledge, Risks, Participation, Review Development IV’d before Mark Wilson Date 22/4/13 issue by: IV’d: Date 16/4/15 Date 21/5/15 Issued: Due: Feedback Due: 11/6/15 Student Name: ................................................................. Assessment Criteria Outcome P M D R 1 P1 M1 X 2 P2 X X 3 P3 M2 D1 P4 M3 D2 4 P5 M4 X P6 X X This assignment is submitted as partial fulfilment of this unit. Please read the statement carefully and sign your name below: I†¦show more content†¦(P1, M1) Task 2 Carry out risk assessments for two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. The assessments must cover the details of the risk, who might be affected, the likelihood of occurrence, the severity of the risk, a risk rating, controls and contingencies. (P2) Task 3 Describe the skills and techniques required for two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. This should include details of personal technical abilities, technical skills particular to the activity, personal fitness, generic skills and advanced skills. To achieve M2, you must compare and contrast the skills and techniques required for two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. – i.e. highlight their differences, similarities, difficulties etc. To achieve D1, you must evaluate the skills and techniques required to perform successfully in two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities. This requires an opinion, or judgement, on the relative difficulty of the selected activities. (P3, M2, D1) Task 4 Demonstrate the skills and techniques in two different land-based outdoor and adventurous activities (with tutor support if needed). 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Differences Between Associate Degree Nurse and Baccalaureate Degree Nurse Free Essays

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ASSOCIATE DEGREE NURSE AND BACCALAUREATE DEGREE NURSE There are several benefits of having a baccalaureate-degree (BSN) over the associate’s degree (ADN). In this essay, I will discuss how effective communication can be further developed when obtaining the BSN. Next, I will talk about how a BSN can create a more highly qualified nursing workforce. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between Associate Degree Nurse and Baccalaureate Degree Nurse or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly, it will be explained that getting a BSN will create better career and higher education opportunities. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION â€Å"Communication is central to human interaction. Without it, people cannot relate to those around them, make their needs and concerns known or make sense of what is happening to them. One of the most basic goals for nursing staff is that their patients and clients and those who care for them experience effective communication†, (Wallis, 2011, p. 35). Effective communication can be further developed by obtaining a BSN and can ultimately lead you to be a better nurse, leader, and professional. Being a nurse of any level, you are communicating important information regarding the patient. If your report is not thorough, you may miss vital pieces of information pertaining to your patients care. It will build a more trusting relationship between your patients, co-workers and supervisors. HIGHLY QUALIFIED NURSING WORKFORCE BSN level nurses will provide a better program than the ADN level nurses with their increase level of critical thinking and using evidence based practice. â€Å"The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), the national voice for baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs, believes that education has a significant impact on the knowledge and competencies of the nurse clinician, as it does for all healthcare providers† (Fact Sheet, 2012, p. 1). The BSN increases knowledge in psychology, science, sociology, and management. The BSN applies the knowledge that they have learned. With the increase of knowledge in management, they will be able to prioritize and organize the workload of the patients. With the increase of science they will have a better understanding of how the body works and use critical care assessments of the patient with evidence based practice. This will improve patient safety and the care of the patient. The BSN nurses will be more educated in the differences in patient’s culture and way of thinking due to  their increase in psychology and sociology. BSN level will have better outcomes for the patient thus leading to lower mortality rates. â€Å"In the October 2012 issue of Medical Care, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that surgical patients in Magnet hospitals had 14% lower odds of inpatient death within 30 days, and 12% lower odds of failure-to-rescue compared with patients cared for in non-Magnet hospitals. The study authors conclude that these better outcomes were attributed in large part to investments in highly qualified and educated nurses, including a higher proportion of baccalaureate prepared nurses† (Fact Sheet, 2012, p. 1). As an example of a patient care situation, two men came into the ER with gunshot wounds, one to the leg and the other to the abdomen. The ADN nurse went straight to the man with the abdomen gunshot, not noticing the man with a gunshot wound to the leg was not breathing. The bullet had hit his popliteal artery; therefore he had lost too much blood to survive. The nurse should have done her quick assessment correctly as evidence based practice has shown. This goes to show that using critical care thinking and evidence based theory not only end in better outcomes but also can saves patients lives. HIGHER EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES A BSN degree is essential if you want to move to a leadership or management role. Leadership skills are essential when you are a charge nurse, on a committee or in administration. A BSN education will provide you with confidence to excel in these settings. â€Å"The nation’s Magnet hospitals, which are recognized for nursing excellence and superior patient outcomes, have moved to require all nurse managers and nurse leaders to hold a baccalaureate or graduate degree in nursing by 2013. Settings applying for Magnet designation must also show what plans are in place to achieve the IOM recommendation of having an 80% baccalaureate prepared RN workforce by 2020† (Fact Sheet, 2012, p. 3). One more advantage of baccalaureate-degree program is that it is a bridge for master’s degree level.CONCLUSION BSN level nurses will provide a better program than the ADN level nurses. Critical thinking, communication, and leading are imperative to the nursing career. â€Å"Professionalism, ethical decision making, accountability, critical thinking, and effective communication are emphasized. This is achieved  through the application of liberal arts constructs, science, health and nursing theories, and the values of the Christian faith within the scope of nursing knowledge and evidence-based practice† (Philosophy, p. 1). Education is the key for success and better outcome of patients. How to cite Differences Between Associate Degree Nurse and Baccalaureate Degree Nurse, Papers

Employee Engagement Employee Engagement Programme

Question: Discuss about the Employee Engagement for Employee Engagement Programme. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Management is an important factor for any company's success. Managers are of the agreement that the modern business need more efficiency and higher productivity. One way of gaining competitive advantage is through developing satisfied and talented employees. Satisfied employees always want to work for an organization for a longer period, contribute to high productivity and workforce stability. However, things have changed, and employees' satisfaction does not guarantee productivity and high profitability (Abraham, 2012, p. 28). The employer should motivate the employees to apply their full capabilities and potential to their jobs. Employees need to be valued and recognized so as to be available for the company. One method of employees' recognition is known as employee engagement in company operations. Employee engagement is defined as a tool used by company's gain competitiveness and maintains it (Dernovsek, 2008, p. 42). This paper provides an overview of employee engagement and its effects on the company's operations. More specifically, the paper investigates different methods used by companies to promote engagement among its workforce. The Frishco Company is one of such organizations that has implemented different methods of engagement as discussed in the paper. The study also elaborates on the symptoms, causes, and consequences of employee disengagement on companies. Lastly, the most effective engagement methods based on the current level of competition, technological advancement, and economic issues have been discussed (Attridge, 2009, p. 384). The Frishco's success can be attributed to several engagement methods that it has employed in its operations. Following a study conducted by the organization to identify the best ways of engaging its employees, Frishco has so far implemented the methods discussed below: Changing the organizational culture and communication style to fit the employees Frishco developed an employee-centred culture that focussed on effective engagement. The company gives its employees an opportunity to air their voices about the necessary changes that ought to the made. The employees are always encouraged to present their feedback on either their satisfaction or dissatisfaction the firm's operations (Gallup, 2006, p. 43). Frishco has implemented the following ways to enhance sharing information between the management and the employees. The release of internal employee magazine known as the "Your Frishco" which is used to familiarize the employees with the company's leadership style, organizational structure, and culture as well as employees views about the company. Morning briefing which informs the shop floor teams about their daily operations in additional to the latest sale statistics. Intranet which allows sharing of information between the management and the employees as well as among the employees themselves. The intranet enables the employees the operational aspects to focus on instead of information being pushed on them. Employee forums which allow the employees to present their opinions, issues affecting them to the management. The forum is also used to gather the employees' ideas on the company's strategies. Frishco has created a scheme known as the (Bright Ideas" that motivates employees on sharing their innovative and creative ideas aimed at improving the organization. Based on the views collected from the employees, the approaches have been proved to be effective. Frishco has focused on the democratic style of leadership where the employees are allowed to make decisions and share their views as well. The ideas presented by the employees are used to make continuous firm's improvement (Bakker, A Schaufeli, 2008, p. 153). Frishco has developed a culture that encourages respect and trust among its stakeholders. The management has embarked on internal leadership development to encourage employees, company's and stakeholders' development in the following ways: Talent plotting where the management spots talented employees and develops them into leaders. Coaching and mentoring where coaches and mentors guide junior employees through face-to-face interaction and structured feedback. The strategy has enabled building strong and positive relationships, reinforce trust and develop managerial skills at Frishco (Price, 2011, p. 67). Support networks: managers from different departments meet on a monthly basis to share views and ideas on improving the company's performance. The decisions made during the meetings are then shared with the employees to gather their views. Frishco Company recognizes the importance of promoting the employees' intrinsic values. For the purpose of career development, the company encourages job enrichment, job enlargement, and job rotation (Armstrong, 2010, p. 111). Through cross-departmental experiences, the employees are developed personally. Likewise, the management encourages its employees to undertake new and challenging yet achievable tasks through a process known as job enlargement. The company has conducted four surveys to determine the impact of employees' engagement in its general operations. The results showed that there is increased sales volume, effective decision making and customers' satisfaction which are attributed to improvement performance by the employees (Torrington, et al., 2008, p. 132). Likewise, the employees have become aware of their roles and responsibilities in the organization. 91% of the employees who took part in the surveys stated that they were happy with the company because their efforts are high recognized and appreciated. The Frishco's employee turnover has reduced by half over the last five years (Wellins, 2005, p. 98). The findings from the research show that employee engagement has a positive impact on both the employees and organizational performance. Frishco has recognized that employees are an asset it cannot do without. Employees' disengagement is attributed to increased cost, loss of productivity, and hindered efficiency. Some symptoms of employee disengagement include high employee turnover, lack of passion and undermining the operating guidelines offered by the management (Kahn, 1990, pp. 693-712). Disengaged employees have the following commonalities; The jobs are not personally purposeful and meaningful. The employees lack the sense of self-autonomy and determination. The employees believe that the rules are applied partially and unfairly. The management does not provide useful and constructive feedback on the queries raised by the employees. There is no supportive relationship between the management and the employees as well as among the employees. The job lacks opportunities for personal development. Some of the causes of employee disengagement are; Lack of adequate training and development for the employees. Reduced compensation benefits for the employees Existence of employee-management conflicts Consequences of employee disengagement Kills employees' morale Actively disengaged workforce is more likely to cause dissatisfaction and disruption in the company compared to the actively engaged employees. Dissatisfaction of employees leads to lack of morale to perform their duties. Demoralized employees have a negative impact on the organization's performance (Karsan, 2011, p. 54). Disengagement decreases productivity There is a correlation between the level of employees' engagement and their productivity. As compared to actively engaged employees who use fewer resources to earn more money for their firms, disengaged employees earn less revenue for their companies (Graen, 2008, p. 74). The level of engagement among the employees is used as a pivot to measure the success of any organization in meeting its goals and objectives. In this regards, a company experiencing employee disengagement would fail in meeting its organizational goals. Employee disengagement negatively affects customers Discontent among the employees does not stop at the business' front line. Customers have become more sensitive to the issue affecting organizational and are more likely to respond accordingly. Excellent customer services lead to brand loyalty and consumer loyalty. Employee engagement creates a positive bond between the employees and the customers. However, disengaged employees lack the pride and enthusiasm to increase/ improve the customer satisfaction (Karsan, 2011, p. 55). When customers sense that employees' are unhappy with the general operations of the company, they tend to switch to other companies to enhance their satisfaction. Therefore, when examining employee disengagement, it is important to identify the correlation between customer satisfaction and employee engagement (Leiter Bakker , 2010, p. 108). Disengaged employees are full of excuses Disengaged employees will always look for false excuses to leave an organization. For example, they are likely to pretend that they are sick but in a real sense, they are busy looking for greener pastures. The points explain why there is a direct correlation between dissatisfaction and high rates of employee turnover. When employees feel that their personal development is not catered for, they won't put more effort in meeting the organizational goals but instead, look for exit strategies (Cartwright Holmes, 2006, pp. 199-203). Disengaged employees are associated with health problems and experiencing negative feelings. Employee disengagement is linked to depression and anxieties. The employees are emotionally exhausted, unhappy with their employers and cynical (Robison, 2010). With the lack of stress management mechanisms, work related stresses are likely to be transferred into homes leading to social problems. Disengaged employees are not good ambassadors for their companies. They do not recommend their company as the best place to work in. Likewise, they do not urge their friends and family members to use the company's products or services (Abraham, 2012, p. 30). Conversely, the employees are less creative and innovative and share new production ideas with other employees. Disengaged employees are not committed towards meets the customer and organizational needs. The impact of employee disengagement shows that the phenomenon brings more harm to an organization. The methods of employee engagement are dynamic, and any organization should be alert to such changes and invent new strategies aimed at making irresistible to the worker for. In the case of Frishco Company, the following, methods should be involved in employee engagement. Improved compensation benefits A lot of surveys have shown that compensation and benefits package are important drivers of employee satisfaction. Although compensation is not an engagement factor but rather a hygiene factor, employees are more likely to leave a company with poor compensation packages (Dernovsek, 2008, p. 88). Compensation improves the engagement level of employees in meeting the organizational needs. Making jobs look meaningful Frishco should ensure that the jobs fit personal development. Jobs should provide the employees with the autonomy and tools to succeed. The company should select the right people to perform the right jobs (Bakker, A Schaufeli, 2008, p. 121). The organization should recognize that jobs are transformed by technological advancement and align its jobs requirements with the current technology. Technology contributes to less expense in human input and more productivity. Studies have shown that when jobs are enriched, offering the employees more autonomy, the power and liberty to make decisions, support, and time, the firm earns more money. Frishco will have a higher profitability level when the employees are given more power to control their jobs (Karsan, 2011, p. 55). Aligning jobs to employee needs increases engagement rates, high level of employee retention and productivity level. Fostering great management Management refers to the continuous activities used by the managers to support, align and guide their employees. Managers have the responsibility to develop internal processes, build products, serve clients and guide the employees. To improve the employee engagement, the Frishco's management should set achievable goals, support the employees, listen to the employees' opinion, coach them for higher performances and offer feedback for continuous performance improvement. Fostering excellent management practice has a positive impact on employee engagement, retention, and performance (Price, 2011, p. 148). Establishing a humane, flexible, and inclusive workplace Employees have complicated lives and therefore needs a supportive and flexible work environment. Open and flexible workplaces encourage trust between the management and the employees. Likewise, employee engagement should be an ongoing and continuous recognition process. The key to active engagement is created through a social environment that encourages smooth relationship between the stakeholders and making managers be team players rather than judges of the employees (Attridge, 2009). Other engagement factors that Frishco should implement are; a) creating ample growth opportunities; b) establishing purposeful, visionary, and transparency leadership; and c) providing timely feedback to the employees. Conclusion Companies, like Frishco that engage their employees through training both do create stronger feelings of loyalty and trust in their employees. Even though employee engagement cannot fully eliminate the employees' dissatisfaction with the overall operations of an organization, it helps in cutting down on the loss of business and resources, which ultimately assist in fuelling company growth (Dernovsek, 2008). Although many companies consider employee engagement as an unimportant concept, it has a real effect on Frisch's bottom line. For customer satisfaction, better productivity, and profit, implementing active employee engagement and employee-driven leadership is a necessity. Employee disengagement leads to a drain on time and resources that are not required for the success of companies operating in the today's competitive economy (Torrington, et al., 2008). Some of the noticeable warning symptoms of disengaged employees are tardiness absenteeism, withdrawal behaviour, and increased negativity. The signs of employee disengagement can also be witnessed through lack of energy to perform, unnecessary mistakes, lack of attachment, and low morale (Cartwright Holmes, 2006). By establishing the impact of engagement or disengagement, we have established that employee engagement comes with a positive effect on the company's performance while employee disengagement causes a lot of harm to the company. The most feasible way of protecting the company from the different impact of employee disengagement is by implementing engagement techniques such as improved compensation benefits, making jobs look meaningful, fostering excellent management, establishing a humane, flexible, and inclusive workplace, training and development and coaching (Armstrong, 2010). References List Abraham, S., 2012. Development of Employee Engagement Programme on the basis of Employee Satisfaction Survey. Journal ofEconomic Development, Management, IT, Finance and Marketing, 4(1), pp. 27-37. Armstrong, M., 2010. Hand book of Human Resource Management Practice. 12th edition ed. s.l.:Kogan Page ltd. Attridge, M., 2009. Measuring and Managing Employee Work Engagement: A Review of the Research and Business Literature. Journal ofWorkplace Behavioral Health, 24(4), p. 383 398. Bakker, A Schaufeli, W., 2008. Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Volume 29, p. 147154. Cartwright, S. Holmes, N., 2006. The meaning of work: the challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism. Human Resource Management Review, Volume 16, p. 199208.. Dernovsek, D., 2008. Engaged Employees. Credit Union Magazine, 74(5), p. 42. Frishco, n.d. Case Study, s.l.: Frishco Company. Gallup, 2006. Gallup study: engaged employees inspire company innovation. The Gallup Management Journal. Graen, G., 2008. Enriched engagement through assistance to systems change: a proposal. Industrial and Organisational Psychology, Volume 1, p. 7475. Kahn, W., 1990. Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, Volume 33, pp. 692-724. Karsan, R., 2011. Engaging and aligning employees. Training Journal, pp. 52-55. Leiter , M. Bakker , A. B., 2010. Work engagement: a handbook of essential theory and research. New York, NY: Psychology Press. Price, A., 2011. Human Resource Management. 4th edition ed. South Western : Cengage Learning. Robison, J., 2010. Disengagement can be really depressing. Gallup Management Journal. Torrington, D., Hall, L. Taylor, S., 2008. Human Resource Management. Pearson Education Limited ed. Harlow : 7th edition. Wellins, R., 2005. Creating a culture for engagement. Workforce Performance Solutions.

What was Jesus’ basic message and mission an Example by

What was Jesus’ basic message and mission Introduction Many people tried to ask themselves these questions; who was Jesus, his role and his mission? But they could not get answers to them. Some people believed Jesus was the Son of God while others believe he was the son of a carpenter- Joseph. These people could not just understand how a virgin woman could give birth to a baby. The Romans did not understand why he preached about the word of god who was unknown to them. They opposed his teachings because they thought that they posed a great danger to the future of the Roman Empire. They wondered on what capacity he preached to the multitudes to repent their sins so that they could be heirs to the kingdom of heaven. In this essay, I will critically look at exactly who was Jesus Christ, his role here on earth and his mission and Ill try to unravel all these mysteries. Need essay sample on "What was Jesus basic message and mission" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed First, Jesus said that he came to seek and save the sinners but he did not come for the holy ones. Thus, he was only concerned with those who were not yet saved from these eternal miseries. He also preached that he did not come to seek earthly values but for the kingdom of heaven. He did this by telling people that the sinners will face their punishment of eternal sufferings while the righteous will be the heirs to the kingdom of heaven, which in other words meant eternal happiness. Jesus preached that he was the truth and the only way through which you could acquire the kingdom of heaven. He tried to convince people to leave their sinful ways and stop valuing earthly belongings for neither of them would let them be the heirs of heavens. He did this by preaching about humbling yourself, helping the needy and being selfless. The poor people who had nothing to lose warmly embraced the message he conveyed to the multitude. But to the rich who were being challenged by this message felt that the teachings were meant to eliminate them. Thus they started opposing and criticizing these teachings. This is what eventually culminated in to his betrayal and finally the crucification. In his message, he greatly criticized and attacked some behaviour, which were being practiced by some religious fellows. At one time he complained of people having made the temple of the lord a market place and he was forced or he felt much obliged to whip them out of the church. Those who benefited from those immoral activities felt that Jesus and his mission were against them so, they resulted to open hostility against him and his teachings as well as all his followers. Because of the failure of the roman leaders to understand the character of Jesus Christ and his role in the world, the Roman governor -Pilate was easily convinced that Jesus who claimed to be the son of God and his followers or disciples were against him and could soon terminate his kingdom. Thus, the Roman Empire ordered him to be arrested, tortured and then crucified on the cross. In his preaching, Jesus had already prophesied that one of his disciples would betray him to be crucified and that after the third day; he would rise from his grave and ascend to heaven. This was something that was believed by his followers. What the Romans wanted was to verify whether these claims were true or false. Even one of them said, Truly this was the son of god. He said this when the earth shook and lights disappeared when he was dying. Everything that had been prophesied occurred. This is today what forms the basis of Christianity. The values of Christianity were different from those of the pagan Roman world in that the Romans were brutal and appeared to be uncivilized. This was evident by the way the enslaved prisoners of war and sinners were punished but according to the Christianity they were expected to forgive and treat their neighbors. Also, whereas the Romans joined the combat so that they could earn their living, Jesus preached against these earthly values. The Romans were of this principal-an eye for an eye or a tooth for a tooth. This maxim was similar to the Law of Moses but was contrary to principle of Christianity, which stated that you should forgive those that do you wrong. It is evident that there was a difference in values because when a highway robber that was said to have mugged a man was killed. This was an act of revenge. In the Roman Empire there were two categories or classes of people- upper class and lower class. This was a thing that was perpetuated by the Roman laws. The upper class wanted to preserve their status quo were opposed to the idea of losing earthly belongings, which was being preached by the Christians. In the Christians view, all people were equal in the eyes of God. So, the idea of classes was foreign to them. There were various reasons why the Romans felt that Christianity threatened them. First it is because they knew that if they accepted Christianity then they would cease being leaders and start following Jesus Christ. Also they were not happy because of the way many people had joined Christianity and thus stopping being royal to the Roman government. They knew that no leader could ever claim to be great if he cannot command a big following. Thus, they realized that the only way of reversing the situation was by checking the spread of Christianity. These teachings of loving your neighbor, helping the sick and the needy ones were totally different from those of the roman pagans who were insensitive to the needs of others. Thus, they saw this as a challenge that would bring a revolution to their empire if it was let to prosper. According to Romans, private affairs were not encouraged whereas the Christians led life of privacy. They refused to mix with others freely. Romans being inhuman saw this. The roman pagans were also threatened because Christians were against the idea of worshipping gods. Christians believed only in one God thus, they refused to bow down to the roman gods. Christianity came with the birth of Jesus Christ. Despite the resistance that it met in the Roman Empire, it spread and eventually brought the pagan empire down. The teachings of Christ crashed with those of the Romans. For example, Christians believed in eternal life, no value for earthly kingdom, humbleness and forgiving those who do wrong to us. All these were contrary to those of the Romans who believed that there was nothing like eternal life. To them there was nothing like forgiving and they wanted to preserve their status quo. Jesus was believed to have come to save the sinners, a sentiment that was not shared by the Romans. His teachings which were greatly embraced by the poor did not amuse the rich who felt that they would lose their properties thus they misled The Roman Governor Pontius Pilate to order for his arrest and crucification on the cross. After the death of Christ death, Christianity as a religion became stronger but it was on the verge of dying when Apostle Paul came to its rescue. Initially Paul was called Saul because he used to persecute Christians but later he stopped this. Paul believed that the kingdom of heaven belonged to those who needed it and that there would be a judgment day when sinners and the righteous would be judged. According to Zambus Inc, The foundations of western civilization in the ancient world, a diary 164, Seneca tries to describe the gladiatorial shows that were held in the Roman Empire. The gladiators at first they were either criminals or prisoners of war. Later, even free men started to participate because of poverty. These freemen sought for formal training in public institutions like schools. In his diary, Seneca talks of how he chanced to go to the arena to relax his mind when he witnessed a dangerous game where murder was the ultimate goal. Men wore no fighting costumes and every blow was leveled on a bare body. He says that the Roman society was brutal. Men were made to face wild animals like lions and bears, at noon they were made to face their fellow men and spectators really derived joy from these games. The result of every game was death of humans. Seneca also gives an eye account of how men shouted at a man who was said to be a robber who used to mug people on the highways. People wanted him to be punished by death. They were saying that if he killed people, he too should be killed. He likened these shows to a market where people exchanged vengeance for vengeance as if they were commodities. People wanted no other form of entertainment apart from watching men die. After one game was over they begged for other men to be put in the death chamber- arena, they only dreamt of seeing blood shed. According to Seneca, this was how the Roman society was. They were used to this kind of life. In the foundations of western civilization in the ancient world- Christians in the Roman Empire, Zambus inc, letter Pliny the Younger who was a governor to the Roman Empire was writing to the emperor Trajan to notify him of his policies and to seek for some advice concerning the Christian who denounced them. Zambus Inc166, Pliny describes to Trajan the process he follows in making his decisions. He says that if a victim is said to have denounced him, he first of all tries to establish whether he is a Christian or not. If the victim confesses it, he repeats the question again threatening him by death. If the victim still insists that he/she is not ready to change his stand then, he ordered him/her to be executed or killed. He also says than even Roman citizens who became Christians also faced the same punishment. This letter, which was sent to Trajan by Pliny the Younger, was much appreciated by Trajan who positively recommended the punishment. He goes ahead to thank him for being innovative inventing new laws. Trajan does this by telling Pliny that it is hard to have fixed standards at all times. Trajan emphasizes that if they are found guilty, they must be punished but if they denounce Christianity and prove it then, on the grounds of repentance they should be should be pardoned or excused Trajan also emphasized that no information whatsoever would be accepted if it had no accusers name attached to it. Such information should not be acted upon. In conclusion we have seen how the Romans lived, behaved and treated their fellow Christians. They tried very hard to suppress Christianity but finally they were defeated. The Romans were totally inhuman to Christians. During their reign most Christians were persecuted but this did not deter them from moving on. Reference: Zambus Inc, The Foundations of Western Foundations in the Ancient World

John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseaus Views on Private Prop essays

John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseaus Views on Private Prop essays In the sixteen to nineteenth centuries, philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau had clearly opposing opinions on the European settlement of the Native American inhabitation; this was due to their very distinctive notions on private property. These settlers found in North America a largely uncultivated and undeveloped territory; here savages lacked an elaborate concept of private property in land. Rousseau believes that even the Native Americans have a deep capacity to become corrupt, for all societies have this tendency. Locke sees the stipulation and function of society to protect property as something sacred to mankind, while Rousseau perceives property as the root of the corruption and ultimate disgrace of society. Locke was in defense of this European settlement and appropriation of land; while Jean-Jacques Rousseau would seemingly oppose the European settlement. Rousseau and Locke both appropriately distinguish the derivation of property to be grounded in m ans natural desire to improve his life, but they differ in their portrayal of the result of such a desire. Although Rousseau addresses fascinating conceptions of private property, Locke will ultimately prove that private property is vital and has a positive effect on mankind. In order to examine either philosophers views on property and its origins, it is necessary to go back to the most primitive human development, and discuss their different conceptions of the state of nature. We must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom...A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another. (Locke, Second Treatise, II.4). According to John Locke, man is bound by a distinct law of nature in this state of liberty, which diktats that all men are bound to preserve himself, and...to preserve the rest of Mankind. (Se...

The U.S. Financial Crisis- Impact on Trade Research Paper

The U.S. Financial Crisis- Impact on Trade - Research Paper Example As a result of the crisis starting in 2007 and building up by 2008, the Wall Street could be said to have been remade (Jones, 2009, p.2).     The Financial Crisis of 2007/2008: The international trade and the economic growth in the world had presented significant positive results before the economic crisis of 2007/2008. From the time period from 2000 till 2007 the gross domestic product of the world had reflected an increase of 3.2 percent in a year that surpassed the annual growth of the 1990s that figured around 2.5 percent. Countries like China, India, and Russia that were emerging as economic countries in the market also reflected expansions in their growth to as high as 6.5 percent in a year resultant of the different economic reforms. The farmers in the U.S. also benefitted from these growths leading to rising farm income of around 43 percent. The financial crisis affected the world starting in 2007 and deepening in 2008 leading to recession in several countries (Appendix A ) (Liefart & Shane, 2009). The crisis had initiated in the US when the housing bubble burst out and there were increasing defaults in mortgages, particularly in the subprime mortgages, that had grown for the borrowers who were not worthy of such loans, thereby leading to instability in the financial institutions and subprime losses (Appendix B) (Helleiner, 2011, p.69). The different causes that were obtained to have led to the crisis include: imprudent mortgage lending relaxing the standards of lending, housing bubble reflecting rising prices of houses, global imbalances, securitization, lack of transparency and responsibility in mortgage finance, rating agencies giving AAA ratings to several downgraded securities, mark to market accounting, deregulatory legislation, shadow banking system with financial activities moving out of government safety, non bank runs, off balance sheet financing, subprime lending mandated by government, failure of risk management systems, financial innovat ion, complexities, human infirmity, bad models of computer, excess leveraging, relaxed regulation of leverages, credit default swaps, over the counter derivatives, fragmented regulation, no systemic regulation of risks, short term incentives, and tail risk (Jickiling, 2010, pp.5-10). These issues initiated in the US and gradually affected the world and the international trade. With the crisis deepening in 2008, various measures that imposed restrictions on trade activities were initiated by different countries. General hikes in tariffs, particularly in iron and steels, primary products, agricultural foods, were incorporated in countries like Russia, India, Turkey, Vietnam, Ukraine, EU, Brazil, and Ecuador. Standards and certifications in trade also changed in several countries like Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Ecuador, Thailand and South Korea with bans and restrictions on several business issues. Licensing system of imports also altered from ‘free’ to ‘restrictedà ¢â‚¬â„¢ in many countries as a result of the recession.  Ã‚  

ESPN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ESPN - Assignment Example The augmented product is ESPN’s continuous improvement related to its contents as well as delivery. This means that the customers can trust ESPN for getting them deep insights and sports news from a new perspective. 2. ESPN has strong and dominating brand equity. Over the years ESPN has not only strengthened its customer base, but also has been able to instil an enviable brand loyalty, as is clearly reflected in the fact that ESPN is able to charge a premium that is well above its competitors’. This strong presence of brand equity readily translates into ESPN’s brand value as is evident in the statistics shown the case: that it is not only is a $6 billion company, but also contributes a significant 20% amount in its parent company, Walt Disney’s kitty. Risks: the only risk is that the traditional consumers who love watching ‘live’ sports action might get confused with this kind of brand extension promoting ‘gaming’ and not a real ‘sport’. Benefits: The AOL website reaches out to a very large consumer base, including those who do not have time to spend in front of their TVs (Dempsey, 2008). By streaming ESPN videos online, the channel can target this whole new consumer base. 4. ESPN has done very well in developing its brand through a variety of clever strategies. It has successfully explored a large bouquet of media to reach its consumers. From traditional television through cable, radio and print media to DTH, telephony, mobile services, internet, ESPN has been able to have a wide reach in its audience. Also its co-branding strategies have been very effective and mutually beneficial for all partners. As far as possible future brand developments are concerned, I think that ESPN should make its presence even more prominent in developing gaming software for various available platforms, such as, tablets, mobiles, etc. Also it should make

Human Resource Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Human Resource Development - Essay Example The following discussion presents a detailed account of how firms shape and re-invent their HRD policies in conformity with their business requirements and what processes are the most crucial for survival in an environment where a competitive advantage is the only way to survive in the market. The paper also contextualizes the various learning and developmental activities that international firms take up in the attempt to brace with the changing business climates and the paper provides a brief outline of the HRD processes implemented by two international organizations in their various international business units. Strategic steps for human resource development are among the most crucial decisions that organizations take as these decisions usually are the critical factors which determine not only the effectiveness, but also the efficiency of the organization and its workforce in the long run. The initiatives that are taken for developing systematic HRD plans pay out for organizations because they bring together the development of employee‘s competence , the development of a shared vision of the business and the various business strategies employed so that they are aligned together to provide maximum benefit to both the employees and the employer. For a business operating in more than one country, the dilemmas regarding HRD and HRM strategies are numerous and varying in their degree of influence on the organizational success, however, since organizational effectiveness is a key component which drives the need to have any such strategy to begin with, these dilemmas pose a serious question for all such organizations. This paper has tried to evaluate the major forces which drive organizations to bring about a change in their management philosophies and how these changed perspectives affect the Human resource development policies of these firms. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of management ideals and strategic decision making on the

Advantages and Disadvantages of Infrared Touch Screen

Advantages and Disadvantages of Infrared Touch Screen Touch-screen is an electronic visual display that can find the existence and location of a touch inside the display area. The term just like direct to touching the display of the device with a hand or finger. Touch-screens can also fell other passive objects, such as a stylus. But, if the object find is animate, as a light pen, the term touch-screen is usually not applicable. The touch-screen has two main characteristically. First, touch-screen applies one to interaction straightly with what is showed, instead of indirectly with a cursor controlled by a mouse or touchpad. Second, touch-screen lets one do so without demand any intermediate device that would require to be maintain in the hand. This display can be close to computers or to networks as a terminal. They also perform as an outstanding role in the design of digital tackles such as the PDA (personal digital assistant), satellite navigation devices, mobile phone, video games and etc. (Dictionary of Architectural and Building Technology 4 Edition, 2004) History In 1971, the first touch sensor was exploited by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of Elographics) at the time he was an instructor at the University of Kentucky. He had given this sensor a name, Elograph, been patented by The University of Kentucky Research Foundation. Dr. Sam Hurst (left) the founder of Touch-screen. (Elotouch, 2009) The Elograph was not transparent like modern touch screens; but it was a distinguished landmark in touch screen technology. In 1974, the first really touch screen bring in a transparent surface was exploited by Sam Hurst and Elographics. In 1977, Elographics exploited and patented five-wire resistance technology, the most popular touch-screen technology use today. Touch-screens firstly obtained some visibility with the creation of the computer-assisted learning terminal, which are come out in 1975 as a part of the PLATO project. Soon afterwards, touch-screens have become intimate in daily life. Most of the companies use touch-screens for kiosk system in retail and travel settings, POS system, ATMs system, PDAs, with a stylus is sometimes used to control the user interface or to enter data. The prestige of smart phones, PDAs, portable game console and varies types of information appliances is manipulation the requirements for, and accepting of touch-screens. The first touch-screen on the world, Elograph. (Elotouch, 2009) From 1979-1985, the Fairlight CMI (and Fairlight CMI IIx) was a high-end musical sample and resynthesis workstation that exploit light pen technology, with the user would distribute and control sample and synthesis data, as well as feeder different menu within its OS by touching the screen with the light pen. The latest Fairlight series III models, the place of light pen had used a graphics tablet. The HP-150 from 1983 was the one worlds earliest commerce touch-screen computer. The touch-screen monitor didnt have a touch-screen in the strict sense; while it had a 9 inch Sony Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) encircled by infrared transmitters and receivers, which are controlled by the position of any non-transparent objects on the screen. Until nowadays, most consumer touch-screens can only sense one point of contact at one time, and some had the ability to sense how hard one is touching. This is the time to make changes with the commercialization of multi-touch technology. Touch-screens computer are popular used in hospitality, and in heavy industry, as well as kiosks such as museum displays or room automation, where normal computer input device such as keyboard and mouse do not allow a suitable intuition, fast response, or accurate interactive by the user with the displays content. Historically, the touch-screen transducer and its accompanying controller-based firmware have been made available by a wide array of after-market system integrators, and not by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers. Display and chip manufacturers worldwide have recognition the tendency in regard to accepting of touch-screens as a highly advisable user interface module and have began to integrate touch-screen feature into the main design of their products. (Elotouch, 2009) Touch-screen Technologies I have read many journals and search from the internet about this topic, and I found that there have variety types of touch screen technology using in different area start from 1971. Below is the type of touch-screen technology. Resistive Resistive touch-screen panel is build up of some layers, the most important layers of the resistive touch-screen panel which are two thin, that is metallic and electrically conductive layers dissociate by a narrow disparity. When an object, like a finger or a light pen, check down on a point on the resistive touch-screen panels outward surface, the two metallic layers will become as a connected at that point: the panel will conducts as a pair of voltage dividers with connected outputs. This is because a change in the electrical current, which is enroll as a touch incident and sent to the controller for processing. Surface acoustic wave Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology is using ultrasonic waves to pass through the touch-screen panel. When an object like finger or light pen touched the panel, a part of the wave is absorption. This transform in the ultrasonic waves registers the situation of the touch incident and forwards the information to the controller for processing. Surface acoustic wave touch screen panels can be damaged by foreign elements. Pollutants on the surface will be also interfering with the function of the touch-screen. (Touch System 2009) Capacitive A capacitive touch-screen panel constitute of an insulator such as glass, spread with a transparent conductor like ITO (indium tin oxide). As we know, human body also is a conductor, with using human body touch the surface of the screen contents in a distortion of the bodys static electricity part, measure as a transform in electric capacity. Different technologies may be used to define the position of the touch. The position is use to send information to the controller for processing. (I-techcompany, 2009) Surface capacitance Surface capacitance in the basic technology, only have one side of the insulator is spread with a conduct electricity layer. A small voltage is utilized to the layer, effecting in an identical static electricity part. When a conductor, like a humans finger, touches at the uncoated surface, capacitor is the formation of dynamic. The touch-screen sensors controller can define the position of the touch indirectly from the transform in the capacitance as measured from the each nook of the panel. As the surface capacitance has no moving fields, it is moderate degree durable but has finite resolution, is tend to fake semaphore from parasitism capacitive coupling, and requires adjustment during fabricate. Therefore, it is most frequently used in basic applications such as kiosks and industrial controls. (I-techcompany, 2009) Projected capacitance Projected Capacitive Touch (PCT) technology is a capacitance technology which excises more preciseness and quick operational, by etching the conduct electricity layer. An X-Y gridiron is formation whether etching a single layer to form a gridiron method of electrodes, or by etching two part, vertical layers of conduct electricity material with parallel lines or tracks to form the grid (compare to the pixels gridiron found in variety of LCD displays). The greatest resolution of PCT giving permission to manipulate without direct connection, so the conduct electricity layers can be spread with further conservative insulator layers, and running indeed under screen protectors, peradventure back weather and vandal-proof mirror. Proper to the peak layer of a PCT entity mirror, PCT is a better right measure answer to resistive touch technology. Fell back on the execution, an active or passive stylus can used to cover for or in enhance to a human body, finger. This is familiar with POS equipment that demands to the signal that snatches up. Gloved fingers can or cant be perceived, fell back on the execution and obtain settings. Smudginess on the conductor it can impede with the performances. The example of the smudginess on the conductor mostly come from rheumy or sweatiness fingers cusp, especially in high wateriness circumstance. Collected dust, which adhesively on the surface relevant to the hydrosphere from finger cusp also will be a p roblem. The two types of PCT: Self Capacitance and Mutual Capacitance. (Planarembeddred, 2010) Mutual Capacitance The capacitor at every junction of each column and each row, it is Mutual Capacitive sensors. In a 12-by-20 array, for example, it would have 240 self-governed capacitors. Voltage is appliance to each row or each columns conductor. Bringing a human body like finger or conductive stylus contiguous to the exterior of the sensor transforms the local static domain which recede the mutual capacitance. The capacitance transforms at each of the singlehanded conductor on the lattice can be estimate to exactly mensuration the sense the position by determine the voltage in the each datum line. Mutual capacitance empowers multi-touch control where multi-ply fingers, thenar or stylus can be exactly follow up the scent at the same time. (Planarembeddred, 2010) Self Capacitance Self capacitance sensors actually same like mutual capacitance sensors, both of them have same horizontal and vertical grid but the rows and column each is operate autocephaly. Self capacitance can able to load a human body like finger and light pen on each row or each column electric pole by a electrical current meter. The advantages for this method is it able to engender a strongest signal compare with mutual capacitance, but the disadvantages is it cant accurately resolve more than one finger, as a result in ghosting, or mislay position catching. (Planarembeddred, 2010) Infrared The infrared touch-screen uses an array of X-Y infrared light-emitting-diode (LED) and photo detector to match circumambience border of the interface to find out an interrupt in method of the LED horizontal beam. The main advantage for this system is it able to detect basically of any input, comprising a human body, finger, glove finger, stylus or a pen. Infrared touch-screen is ordinary widely used in outdoor application; ATM and point-of-sale (POS) system which are unable depend on a bare finger to activating the touch-screen. Infrared touch-screen is different with the capacitive touch-screens, it doesnt need any fix design on the glass to increasing the durability and optics perspicuity of the entirely system. (I-techcompany, 2009) Strain gauge The configuration of the strain gauge, also known as the strength of panel technology, the screen is spring-mounted at the four corners and strain gauges are installed to determine the deflection during the screen is touched. This technology has been existed from 60 years since the 20th century, but Vissumo and F-Origin have to make new feature in the business possible solution. Strain gauge also able to measures the Z-axis and the strength of a persons touched. This screen is usually used to expose the public system, for example ticket machines due to its obstruction to damage. (Wisegeek, 2010) Optical imaging Optical imaging is a more modern evolution touch-screen technology, it able to capture two or more image sensors which are placed around the border of the screen. An infrared back lights was install in the camera scene which are used to capture the images on the other side of the screen. Each of the touch will display as a shadow and the task for the camera is use to triangle and locates the touch or even step to the size of the touching object. Optical imaging is a technology which growing in prestige, because to its scalability, multifunction, and affordability, mostly for a buff units. (Wisegeek, 2010) Dispersive signal technology Dispersive signal technology was release in 2002 and introduced by 3M, this touch-screen is using the sensors to determine the mechanical energy on the screen that occurrence because to a touch. This technology is using intricacy algorithms to explanation the information offering the actual position of the touch. The most powerful feature for this technology is its wont compensation to be unaffected by dist or dust and any other external elements, such as scratches. This technology doesnt have any additional element adding on the screen but it also enable to provide a distinction optical clarity. Apart from that, the mechanical vibration is using to determine a touch happening, any device also able use to engender such happening, such as human body, finger and also stylus. The disadvantages for this technology are the system is unable to determine a stirless finger after the initial touch. (Wisegeek, 2010) Acoustic pulse recognition Acoustic pulse recognition was release in 2006 and introduced by Tyco Internationals Elo division, this technology was using piezoelectric sensors situated at several locations which are around the screens and use to convert the mechanical energy of a touch, also call as vibration into an electronic signal. This technology screen hardware is same like dispersive signal technology which are using algorithm to detect the actual position of the touch depend on the sensors signal. The generally material to made the touch-screen is glass, it will giving the touch-screen a good durability and optical clarity. Whatever the screen is full with scratches or dust, this technology also able to perform with a good accuracy. Besides that, this touch-screen technology is also good fit to demonstrates that are physical larger. A system which are installing with a dispersive signal technology, the system is unable to determine a stirless finger after the initial touch. But with the same reason above , identification is not interrupt by any remaining objects. (Wisegeek, 2010) Construction There are a lot of majors methods to develop a touch-screen. The mains purpose for the touch-screen is to detect one or more finger or stylus which are touching on a display screen and use to constructing the pragmatic sanction that are representative, also use to convey the pragmatic sanction to the suitable system. For the most popular touch-screen technology, which is capacitive and resistive approach, both of them are usually built by four layers; 1st layer The upper polyester layer spread with a transparent coherer conductive which is spread on the bottom of the layer. 2nd layer This layer is as a spacer which is built by adhesive. 3rd layer The main material for this layer is glass; we also call this layer as glass layer. Transparent coherer conductive is also spread on the top of the layer. 4th layer Another name for this layer is adhesive layer, it used on reverse side of the glass layer for the installation. When the touch-screen system detects a touch, the system will record all the changes that occur on electrical current which are work through the display or screen. One of the touch-screen technologies which are develop by 3M in 2002, dispersive-signal technology, this technology is focus on piezoelectric effect. This technology will generate the voltage during the mechanism force is exploit to a materials, a chemically situation will happen during a reinforce screen substrate is touches. There are two type of the infrared-based approaches touch-screen technology. One of them, it is using an array of sensor to determine the actual position where a human body, finger is touching or almost touching to the display or the screen, accordingly use to blocking the light beams projected cross over the display. Another infrared-based touch-screen technology is operate with a infrared cameras which is install on the bottom layer of the screen and use to record each of the touch which are happen on the display or screen. In each of the situation, the touch-screen system will detect each of the meaningful pragmatic sanctions depends on the operation which is display on the screen during the time and the actual position of the touch. (Ipod Touch Fans, 2010) Development Practically each of the distinguished touch-screen technology patents were submitted in the 1970s and 1980s and already expired. Touch-screen package manufacturing and goods programming is no more guarantee by royalties or legitimacy with concerning to patent and nowadays the manufacturing extensive applying touch-screen technology display on several types of devices. The evolvement of multitasking of touch-screen convenience is used to tracking touching by one or more than one human body, finger or stylus on the screen, therefore the touch-screen operations that need more than one finger are probability. Besides that, this touch-screen devices support more than one user to interaction with the touch-screen at the same times. Nowadays, there are a lot of products is apply with the high-tech and integrate touch-screen technology in the world. With the fast growing and acceptance by public, the inconsequential cost for the touch-screen technology is consuetude draw into the device that is included touch-screen technology and is potentially eliminated. As generally happen with any technology before, touch-screen technology include software and hardware have sufficiently ripped and was perfectly survive in the world over more than thirty years based on the point which is its reliability is certify. There is why, nowadays so many system or product are applied with touch-screen technology, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), airplanes, mobile phone, gaming console, ticketing system, machine control system, utensil, and each type of handheld devices. With the influence of the touch-screen technology, Apple Inc. has developed a mobile phone which is fulfilling with multi-touch technology and gives it a name as iPhone. By the releases of the iPhone, it had motivated the touch-screen mobile phone market and with the estimate it had bring in around US$5 billion in 2009. The capability of the touch-screen technology to preciseness location of the point on the screen itself is also advancement with the rising of graphics tablet or screen hybrids. (Wikipedia, 2010) Ergonomics and usage From the journal Prometheus Critical Studies in Innovation, 2007, which are publisher by Routldge, I founded there are many ergonomics and usage about touch-screen. As following: Finger Stress Touch-screen technology has an ergonomic trouble and become a stress on human fingers for them which are during a user employed more than a few minute at a time, from important overwhelming force can be needs for some types of touch-screen. As we know, nowadays touch-screen technology already as a craze technology and continues to growing, therefore the community is going through a lot more finger pressure. There have a lot of ways to emission this problem, such as some of the users will use a pen or some other devices to add exploit and more preciseness on the pointing. The exploitation of this kind device cans sometimes giving trouble, which are according to the required use. For example, public kiosks like ATM machine. Fine motor control is better realizing working with a stylus. That is because a human finger is a quite wide and careless pointing of connecting with the touch-screen itself. (Prometheus Critical Studies in Innovation, 2007) Fingernail as Stylus From a science novelette short story Scanners Live in Van which is written by Cordwainer Smith (Pen Linebarger) in 1950, it is mentioning about using fingernail as stylus for easier typing. The idea of using fingernail as a stylus pruned to from a point on the screen, to be particularly used as a stylus on writing screen for communication. These ergonomics problem of immediacy touching can be bypass by using a distinct skill, provided that the user fingernail are either short or long. Instead of touching by using soft skin of an extended fingernail, whatever the finger is curly but the top of the fingernail are able be used instead. From the underneath, the thumb finger is optional used as a supporter for the user finger or for the user who have long fingernails. This method is work on most touch-screen technology, but it didnt work on capacitive touch-screens. As we know, fingernails are hard, bending appearance contact the screen at a very small point. So, the finger just needs a much less for touching, even bigger accurateness is probable (propinquity that of a stylus, with a little bit of experience), not to mention skins oil will spread on the screen, the fingernail able to dumbly move over the touch-screen with only a very small hindrance, empower to writing text, selecting, drawing or moving windows. Fingernail is hardness and smoothness same like the top of a stylus that is because human fingernails contain of keratin and it wills not usually scratches or damage the touch-screen. In turn, it is available for a very short stylus top, which is able cunning correctly into end of the finger; this method will increasing the visibility of the appearance point on the touch-screen. (Prometheus Critical Studies in Innovation, 2007) Fingerprints Touch-screen able sustain from the issue of fingerprints on the appearance. This issue can be extenuate or prevent by using of staff with optical thins skin layout to mitigated the evident influence of fingers oils. For example, the oleophobic used to spreading in the iPhone 3GS, or by mitigated skin contact during using a finger nail or stylus. (Prometheus Critical Studies in Innovation, 2007) This is USB finger print which is using touch-screen technology. (Gabget Venue, 2009) Combined with Haptics Most users empirical with touch-screen which are dont have tactile feedback or tactual sensation can be a trouble depends on latencies or other method. Base on the research from University in Glasgow Scotland which are handle by Brewster, Chohan and Brown on 2007, the illustrate the specimen users deduct input error by 20%, increase data input speed by 20%, and minimize user acknowledge load by 40% during touch-screen are integrate with tactual sensation or tactual feedback. (Prometheus Critical Studies in Innovation, 2007) Gorilla Arm Base on the hacker slang dictionary, Jargon File, its define Gorilla Arm as the miscarriage to realize the ergonomics of perpendicular installed touch-screen for long time used. The advocate is that human body, arm held in a not supported standard location speedy turn into knackered and suffering, this call Gorilla Arm. It is usually citation as a surface evidence sample of what is not able to done in ergonomic. Perpendicular touch-screen still dictates in most system such as ATMs and data kiosks about the usage is also informality as an n ergonomics issue. Indisposed may be conformation by previously lousy position and shrivel of muscular system conformation by finite physics practice. Meticulous Art Printer is also a usually control the neck and shoulder painful depend on their position and the repeatability of their propulsion when they are painting. (Prometheus Critical Studies in Innovation, 2007) Touch Screen Mobile Phones Several years ago, everyone and their brother was talking about or playing with the Blackberry. It did not matter which make or model but people were simply intrigued by the features that Blackberry offered with its scrolling wheel, full qwerty keyboard, wide variety of applications available from the Handango store on the phone. However through the natural process of evolution, the world has become blessed with a new kind of phone, a phone which truly changes the world of mobile phones, we are blessed with the touch screen mobile phone. Originally the iPhone was the one and only phone out on the market which allowed users to use the power of their finger to control every aspect of the phone, rather than being imprisoned by a track wheel, or the newer more improved track ball. After the iPhone was originally released newer versions of the iPhone have come out in the 3G as well as the soon to come in the 3G S. These days however Apple is not the only company manufacturing these touch screen mobile phones, blackberry as well as several other notable phone companies have followed suit. If you asked a group of ten people which touch screen phone is the best, it is expected for the person to say the iPhone , unless of course they hold some sort of grudge against the phone due to the fact that is is currently only available on ATT. Regardless of your choice for the best touch screen phone on the market, you must always weight the pros and cons of each before you make a decision to buy or not to buy. Pros Simple to use, if you want to use it, touch it, and do the same if you are interested in closing it. Visually pleasing to look at. You never have to see the full keyboard that you are typing on, rather you are able to type onto the phone when you want to, in both upright and landscape modes. These days everyone and their brother is holding onto an iPhone the same way they used to hold onto Blackberries. The verdict? People arent using them for no reason, they are fun to use, and draw a certain amount of attention to the user. Cons The glass screen has the possibility of breaking even upon the slightest impact from a high distance. Odds are that if you are a person who is constantly dropping his or her phone, you should stay away from these touch screen phones, most of which do not offer insurance. The built in digital keyboard can be hard to get adjusted to especially if you are not used to typing on any sort of QWERTY keyboard. This is a quick fix for most, but it is something to think about if you are not comfortable with hitting imaginary buttons. Finally, these phones tend to be a bit more expensive than the other phones in their bracket, but the old adage stands true, you get what you pay for, and its recommended that you try one of the touch screen mobile phones out. At the end of the day, everyone has their own idea of a best phone, or the best phone carrier. However the one thing that everyone can agree on is the fact that these touch screen mobile phones are truly revolutionary and within the next five years we will not have any such phone that is not a touch screen. If you have been hesitant to make the jump so far, it is recommended that you head to your local phone retailer, and at least play around with these touch screen devices. Odds are, you will be pretty surprised with the results. http://hubpages.com/hub/Touch-Screen-Mobile-Phones Advantages and Disadvantages of touch Screen From the journal and the internet resource that I read, I founded some advantage and disadvantage of using touch-screen. The disadvantage for touch-screen device is it required a really big screen to avoid mistake when touching with human finger. Besides that, larger screen will bring low battery life effect. Normally touch-screen devices dont have any extra keys, such as iPhone. Therefore, when the application collapse but without collapse the OS, so user cant reach main menu when the screen is no response. Apart from that, touch-screen normally has lousy preciseness, QWERTY keyboards had known as an extra device. Most of the user-interface for touch-screen device is no optimization for thumb control, so user require and other device like stylus to control the application. User usually using their finger o touching the screen to control the touch-screen application, so this will make the screen get dirty and need to clean it up in certain time to prevent loss control. Lastly, touch-screen device require complex application to support, so it will slow down the response time and gain low battery life. The advantage for touch-screen is it has a large screen which giving a good view for web browsing, picture or movies. Apart from that, typically touch-screen application has a simple user-interface which is more intuitive. This will gain user easy understanding when using the touch-screen device. iPhone mobile which are develop by Mac Ins. Is a good example to represent simple user-interface. Lastly, each of the touch-screen devices has some button is able to smash down after using a few months or years. (John Popes, 2010) Conclusion Touch-screens have been around since the 60s. But it had just recently started to gain popularity and consumer markets. Nowadays, its pretty normal for most electronic devices, for example computer systems or entertainment systems to include a monitor. Users can interact it by using a mouse or keyboard to send input but with the implementation of this technology into these applications, it allows users to manipulate the systems through touching the monitor itself. Though the touch-screen technology contains some limitations, such as low precision when users use finger or the user must be within arms reach of the display, its user friendly, accurate, and easy to operate. With the implementation of touch-screens technology in different applications such as in the medical or military system, it will enhance the human machine interface experience. As the accuracy and intuitiveness of the screen increases, they will become even more common than they already are for the ease of use they provided. Proper development of this technology will surely bring a lot more benefits to users in near future. The touch-screen technology is keys to achieving and realizing e-navigation.

Antonio Vivaldi and the music of his time :: essays papers

Antonio Vivaldi and the music of his time Throughout history there have been many distinct periods of time. These various eras are all alike in a way because they all slowly flow into each other. One of these unique times was called the Baroque period. The Baroque time began during the 1600's and ended early during the early 1700's. The way Baroque music was looked at was varied depending on where you looked at it from. In Italy, it was largely energetic and spectacular. Yet, if you were to travel North, you would encounter the "gloom's of muted firelight." This, along with the "shadowy pales of another world," simply means that this music wasn't greatly appreciated in Southern Italy, as it was more towards the North. The people of the North were not as affectionate towards this type of music. Although, the more time that had passed in the 1600's, the more popular the baroque music became. It was greatly adored by the listeners. The beauty that this type of music contained was extremely astonishing. Also the drama in this type of music and theatre was what made this time stand out from the rest. The actual term "baroque" is extracted from "baroco" which is a name used by medieval philosophers to identify a reasoning that writers of the 16th century found absurd and pointless. On the contrary, Baroque music is far from being absurd or pointless. The word "baroque" is derived from that or from the word "barrochio" that is an Italian word used since the middle ages to indicate shifty or tricky procedures. Wherever it's beginnings, the word "baroque" had been used since the 18th century to indicate paintings, poems, architecture, literature, and all else that is dynamic, dramatic, and to some eyes, astonishing and incredibly even ugly. This really comes to a surprise to me because I've listened to baroque music like Antonio Vivaldi and Johann Sebastian Bach and none of the music struck me as being "ugly." The first word that came to mind when I was listening was "relaxing." Like all other music, there are some people that think higher of it then others. Sir Francis Bacon said, "^Ã…I cannot but be raised to this persuasion, that this third period of time will far surpass that of the Grecian and Roman learning^Ã…" After reading this quotation you can clearly see that Sir Francis Bacon thinks the Baroque time is far superior to the Grecian and Roman periods. Antonio Vivaldi and the music of his time :: essays papers Antonio Vivaldi and the music of his time Throughout history there have been many distinct periods of time. These various eras are all alike in a way because they all slowly flow into each other. One of these unique times was called the Baroque period. The Baroque time began during the 1600's and ended early during the early 1700's. The way Baroque music was looked at was varied depending on where you looked at it from. In Italy, it was largely energetic and spectacular. Yet, if you were to travel North, you would encounter the "gloom's of muted firelight." This, along with the "shadowy pales of another world," simply means that this music wasn't greatly appreciated in Southern Italy, as it was more towards the North. The people of the North were not as affectionate towards this type of music. Although, the more time that had passed in the 1600's, the more popular the baroque music became. It was greatly adored by the listeners. The beauty that this type of music contained was extremely astonishing. Also the drama in this type of music and theatre was what made this time stand out from the rest. The actual term "baroque" is extracted from "baroco" which is a name used by medieval philosophers to identify a reasoning that writers of the 16th century found absurd and pointless. On the contrary, Baroque music is far from being absurd or pointless. The word "baroque" is derived from that or from the word "barrochio" that is an Italian word used since the middle ages to indicate shifty or tricky procedures. Wherever it's beginnings, the word "baroque" had been used since the 18th century to indicate paintings, poems, architecture, literature, and all else that is dynamic, dramatic, and to some eyes, astonishing and incredibly even ugly. This really comes to a surprise to me because I've listened to baroque music like Antonio Vivaldi and Johann Sebastian Bach and none of the music struck me as being "ugly." The first word that came to mind when I was listening was "relaxing." Like all other music, there are some people that think higher of it then others. Sir Francis Bacon said, "^Ã…I cannot but be raised to this persuasion, that this third period of time will far surpass that of the Grecian and Roman learning^Ã…" After reading this quotation you can clearly see that Sir Francis Bacon thinks the Baroque time is far superior to the Grecian and Roman periods.